Memory Work
This is where learning math facts start! Most other curriculums introduce math facts before the decimal system, but this sequence actually makes much more sense. This entire module is dedicated to sensorial learning of math facts and you are ALWAYS free to supplement with games and songs of your own choice.
These lessons are done side by side with the stamp game.
You still start with addition and then halfway through addition, you'll start with multiplication, while continuing with addition. When you've gotten halfway through multiplication (and probably mostly through with addition), you'll start with subtraction. Division will come last, preferably once the child has a good handle on multiplication and can do the blank multiplication chart and has a good grasp on subtraction.
The memory work sequence goes in parallel with stamp game operations.
Printable Materials
Click on the title and then the image to access the file. Make sure to print the files at 100% unless specified otherwise!
Decanomial Bead Bars
Addition and Subtraction Strip Boards with Strips
Because of the size of the addition and subtraction strip boards, they are made on two sheets, each. Cut along the edges and tape together from the back.
Addition Charts, Equation Tiles, and Booklets
Subtraction Charts, Equation Tiles, and Booklets
Multiplication Charts, Equation Tiles, and Booklets
Division Charts, Equation Tiles, and Booklets
IMPORTANT: Make sure to print the working charts and equation tiles at 97%. If you print at 100%, it will cut out a part of the file. It's important that the working charts and tiles are the same size.
The control charts can be printed at 100%.
Blank Graph Paper
Use this website for graph paper. It's super easy to use, there are no logos, and it's free. Here are the settings I like best:
Multiplication Board
If you don't own the multiplication board, use the following instructions to DIY. Print page, cut out board, cut out number tiles.
What you'll need:
- 100 red push pins
- Corkboard
- 10 small red organza bags to organize pins or any other container of choice
- A little container/basket/bin to hold bags (optional)
Glue the printed and laminated board onto the cork board. Put 10 pins in each bag and store in a basket or bin.
Division Board
If you don't own the division board, use the following instructions to DIY. Print only ONE green board from the file.
What you'll need:
- 100 green push pins
- Corkboard
- 10 small organza bags to organize pins
- A little container to hold bags
- A small cup
- Green skittles (take from stamp game or print above)
Addition +
When you start working with addition in this section,
Bead Bars
Addition with the Bead Bars
What you need:
- Bead stair 1-9
- An addition sign and equal sign written on a little square (not necessary at all, so don't fret if you don't have this or feel like making it)
- Pencil
Arrange the bead bars in a stair on your work place.
Have your addition table from the booklets file ready along with a pencil. This is a pretty simple and straightforward lesson.
"Today we're going to do addition with these bead bars!"
Let's do the addition of five. This says 5 + 1."
Take out a five bar and a one bar. Let's see what 5 + 1 equals. Let your child count.
*child counts*
"six!"
"Looks like six! Let's write down our sum."
Record the answer. The child can do this independently or you can record it for them if they simply cannot record. At this point, it doesn't matter how their handwriting is or if the numbers are reversed, etc. That's something you can work on at a different time. I promise you, they get a lot better at writing with practice.
Continue on until you've reached the end of the list or until interest is lost.
On a different day, do the addition of another number. You can also use the equation tiles to do addition of random facts to spice it up a bit and add an extra challenge and ensure that they are internalizing the facts. Using the booklets above is also another option.
Snake Game
Addition Snake Game: Making Tens
What you need:
- Two sets of colored bead bars 1-9 (pull them out of the decanomial bead box)
- 9 ten bars
- You will add 3 more sets of colored bead bars and a total of 25-ish ten bars after the first presentation.
Use any empty baskets/bins/mint tins to put the beads in for the lesson.
Build the colored bead stair and then build the second one, inverted.
"Oooh, I have a very nice lesson to show you today! It's called the snake game. I'm going to make a long snake with these bead bars..."
Start building a snake with the beads by taking one bar from the bottom of each stair.
"Here's my beautiful colorful snake. I really like how it looks! What do you think?
Now, I am going to start counting. There's only one rule in this game. Every time I get to ten, I will replace the colored beads with a GOLDEN one..."
Count to ten, place the colored beads to the side or in a bowl specifically for the beads that were exchanged, and put a ten bar in its place.
Continue doing so until you've finished, allowing your child to work with you.
At the end, count how many ten bars there are.
For additional practice with combinations of ten, you can either create the snake for your child with bead combinations of 10, or use task cards for independent use.
Addition Snake Game: Making Teens
After a bit of practice with making tens, it's time to move on to the next step.
In the previous lesson, you make snakes with the bead bars only in combinations of 10.
In this lesson, you can make snakes without having to make sure that every two bead bars add up to ten. You can make random combinations!
Vertical Verification
Enter your text here...
"Seeing" the Teens
Enter your text here...
Horizontal Verification
Enter your text here...
Strip Board
Addition Strip Board: Going Fishing
The purpose of the strip board is to see all the possible addition combinations of single digit numbers. There are multiple phases that your child will go through with this material which can last several days up to several weeks depending on the intensity of the interest that the child has!
What you'll need:
- Addition strip board
- Strips
- Bag of equations
In the introduction, you will set out the addition board with the red and blue strips. The red strips to the right and the blue strips to the left of the board. If you don't have space to the side, you can put them above the board in the same order: red to the right side and blue over the left side.
"We're going to go fishing in this bag!" Use the bag of equations and pretend to go fishing and pull out an equation.
"Let's see, it says 4 + 5 ="
"Four..." Take the blue strip with 4 written on it and place at the beginning of the board. "Plus 5..." Take the red strip that says 5 and place it right next to the strip of 4. Pointing to the top of the board say, "Equals 9."
Flip the equation upside down and fish out another one. Do as many as your child likes. During the first introduction lesson, there isn't any writing involved, but you can choose to start writing down the equations in the blank booklets after a brief introduction.
Let's Make Combinations
In the third phase, you'll examine addition combinations of the sums. You'll need a graph paper to record all your combinations.
10 is a good place to start for this.
"Today we're going to find all the different ways to make 10."
On your graph paper, write down "10" at the top.
Starting with the blue strip of 9, place it on the chart. Count the spaces until you reach 10.
"I need 1 more to make 10."
Get the strip of 1 from the red strips and place it next to the nine.
Do the same with the blue strip of 8. Place it beneath the 9.
Continue on until you reach the end. Notice how all the strips put together make a square! But let your child make that discovery for themselves!
You can do a few lessons like where you explore the combinations of a couple of numbers, but you'll quickly notice that you have repeated equations.
Remember the commutative property of addition? Yup. You'll be working on noticing repeated combinations and eliminating them.
Making Tables
Use the addition booklet to record answers. You can also use graph paper to write down ordered equations of any number from 1-9.
Start with the table of 1.
The equations are in order in the booklet.
"Today, I'll show you something new! We're going to look at the table of 1."
Show your child the first equation on the table of 1: 1 + 1 =
Take the blue strip that says 1 and place it under the red numbers, making sure everything lines up.
Say, "One plus..." pick up the red strip that says 1... "plus one" and put the one next to the one. "... equals... two!"
Record the answer.
Put the red 1 strip away.
Do the next equation. You don't need to put the blue one strip away because you'll still need it. It will remain as a constant until you're done with the entire table of 1."
Continue on with the table of 2 on the same day or on another day. It helps to have prepared booklets for the child to use whenever they choose to.
Eliminating Repetition
Refer back to the lesson on making combinations, except now, you'll point out the repeated combinations and cross them out. This is an early introduction to the commutative property of addition, which will be introduced in a more direct way later on.
Doubles
"In this lesson, we're going to take the same number twice in every combination. Let's start with one."
Take the blue one strip and the red one strip and place them on the first row of the strip board. Write down the combination on your paper.
Do the same with 2. Keep going on till you reach 9.
Once you've used all the strips, ask your child, "Can we eliminate any of the combinations?"
Nope. You can't. Notice this and point it out. The child may also notice the pattern on the board. Use the control chart to check the answers.
Addition Finger Charts
Introducing the Summary Chart
The full chart is the first chart you will be using. Prepare your bag of equations and get ready to go fishing, again (feel free to use whatever verb you want, like hunting, foraging, searching...)! Also make sure to have control chart 1 and some paper and pencils ready to allow your child to check their work and write down their work.
"Today, we will be working with this chart since you've done so much work with the beads and the strip board."
Put your hand into the bag of equations and pull one out.
"So we have... 6 + 2..." Write it down on the paper.
The blue represents the first addend and the red represents the second addend. So place one finger on the six and one finger on the two. Slowly slide down and across until the fingers meet.
"Equals... 8! 6+2 = 8." Write down the sum on your paper. Use the control chart to check your answer.
After your child has spent plenty of time working with this material over the days or perhaps weeks, you will introduce the next chart.
Full Chart
The full chart is the first chart you will be using. Prepare your bag of equations and get ready to go fishing, again (feel free to use whatever verb you want, like hunting, foraging, searching...)! Also make sure to have the summary chart and some paper and pencils ready to allow your child to check their work and write down their work.
"Today, we will be working with this chart since you've done so much work with the beads and the strip board."
Put your hand into the bag of equations and pull one out.
"So we have... 6 + 2..." Write it down on the paper.
The blue represents the first addend and the red represents the second addend. So place one finger on the six and one finger on the two. Slowly slide down and across until the fingers meet.
"Equal... 8! 6+2 = 8." Write down the sum on your paper. Use the summary chart to check your answer.
After your child has spent plenty of time working with this material over the days or perhaps weeks, you can do the same activity you did with the summary chart. Point out that if you divided the chart in half, you would find all the double combinations (commutative combinations). The numbers on the left side of the chart are the same as the ones on the right (at the diagonal). As you go along the chart, cover each repetition with something, the same way you did with the half summary chart. When you get to the end, show your child the half chart. They will look identical except that the half chart does not have the blue strip of addends at the top. Now you can start work with the half chart.
Half Chart
We are entering a new level of abstraction here. Half of the sums have been eliminated and the blue row of addends is missing.
Start by showing your child how the chart works.
This requires greater eye tracking skills and more advanced finger to eye coordination. It may take some practice for your child to get the movements correct.
Your child can now write down the equation on a slip or paper and check the summary chart for the answer and write it down.
Allow your child to practice as much as they would like to using the bag of equations.
The full chart is the first chart you will be using. Prepare your bag of equations and get ready to go fishing, again (feel free to use whatever verb you want, like hunting, foraging, searching...)! Also make sure to have the summary chart and some paper and pencils ready to allow your child to check their work and write down their work.
Hopping Chart
This is the next chart in the addition chart series. You might be confused look at it because it looks like more than half the numbers are missing!
As usual, have a pencil, paper, bag of equations, and the half summary chart ready.
Start by asking your child, "Hmmm... how do you think we'll find the answers on this chart? Most of it seems to be missing!!"
Fish out an equation from your equation bag.
Let’s take 2+8…
Write down the equation on your paper.
Find both addends on the red strip. Slide both fingers to the end of their row. Now start moving your fingers closer to each other, one square at a time (watch video for a more accurate visual). Your sum is where both fingers meet.
Let your child do as many combinations as they like. They can check their work with the summary chart.
Blank Chart
The blank chart is the ultimate level of abstraction. At the point, your child might actually have mastered the stamp game and started working with addition on the bead frame. Soon, they'll be doing addition on paper. Don't rush this process. Some children will master all this by 6. Others will master it later at 7, 8, or 9.
The blank chart is... well, blank, obviously, as you can tell by the name!
What you need:
- sum tiles
- control charts
Pick out a random sum tile. Let's take 14, for example. Write down 14= on your paper. Now think of any two addends that will equal 14. Find it on the chart and place the tile it on the square.
Write down the equation in your book. Now your child can continue on and do as many as they like, using the control chart to check their work and the full chart to correct the position of the sum tiles.
Multiplication x
Multiplication Bead Layout
This is a really fun lesson to do because it's so beautiful and appeals to the sense of order in children who are still in the first plane of development. Discovering the multiplication pattern can be very exciting.
When should you introduce this lesson? After plenty of work with multiplication with the golden beads and stamp game. This work can be done along side linear and skip counting.
Bring the decanomial bead box with ALL the beads, including the ten bars to your work area. You will need at least 55 or more. Don't worry if you don't have more than 55, it still gets the point across.
"Let's do the multiplication table of... five!"
The multiplication table five is an easy place to start with because of it's pattern, but if your child wants to do another number, feel free to do so!
"So... I'm going to take five one time. Five times one."
Take a five bar and place it horizontally at the top left side of the mat.
Count the bar. "1, 2, 3, 4, 5..."
"It's five. I'm going to put the answer right below."
Take another five bar and place it vertically below the horizontal five bar.
"Let's take five two times. Five times two."
Repeat. Take two five bars and place them horizontally, next to "five times one". And count.
"Ten!"
Place a ten bar vertically underneath.
Continue on until you reach 5 taken 10 times. If you run out of five bars, feel free to reuse the bars from the beginning.
Also, you might notice that you don't have to count all the way from the beginning every time. So for example, if you have five taken two times and you put 10 as your answer, then when you add one more bar for five taken three times, all you have to do is start from 10 and count the third bar - BUT it is important that the child makes this discovery on their OWN with practice.
Some children will see it right away, while others may not. It's totally okay.
Repeat with the multiplication tables of other numbers depending on interest. Maybe you blow through all the numbers in one day or maybe you do one table here and there. And then maybe you bring out the multiplication board.
It's easy to lose interest and MASTER the facts, which is why there are multiple materials with the same function and they call all be used side by side once they introduced sequentially.
Multiplication Bead Board
What you need:
- Multiplication bead board
- 100 beads/counters
- Placement disc (you can use anything from one of the counters, a skittle, a doll...)
- Number cards
- Multiplication booklet pages (graph paper)
- A pencil
A note before starting the lesson: It's a good idea to print out the booklets, cut them, and then put them in reusable laminate pouches so they can be reused, just to save paper, ink, and your time! Alternatively, use graph paper to write out the problems instead, as in the video.
Bring all your supplies to your work area.
"Let's do the table of two."
Read the first problem. "Two times one. That means, two taken one time."
Take out the 2 from the number cards and put it in the slot on the left side.
"This is my multiplicand."
Take the red disc and put it above the number one. "This is my multiplier. This is how many times I'm going to take two."
"I'm going to take two, one time."
Take two beads and place them under one.
"Hmm... let's see, I have two! So two taken one time equals two!"
Write down your answer.
Move on to the next problem.
"Two taken two times..."
Move the round disc from one to two.
"I'm going to take two, two times."
Put two more beads under two.
Observe to see if the child understands and is eager to get their hands on the work!
Let them take over if they want.
Once the child has used the booklets with the equations in order, you can use the graph paper and write the equations in mixed order. And then after that, you can write down the equations of ONE table in random order on graph paper
After that, if you feel like your child is ready for another level of challenge, write down totally random equations on graph paper for the child to complete.
Multiplication Finger Charts
Full Chart
Sometime after your child has started working with stamp game multiplication and done the above two multiplication lessons, you can start working with the multiplication charts.
The multiplication charts are similar to the addition charts.
What you need:
Take a equation
Record it on paper/notebook.
Find the product the same way you found the sum on the addition chart. One finger on the multiplicand (blue) and one finger on the multiplier (red) and slide the fingers down and across until the fingers meet. That is the product. Record the product. Continue on and let the child do as much as they want, mastering to a certain level before moving on to the next chart.
Half Chart
What you need:
- half chart
- equations
- paper and pencil
- summary chart
The half chart is done in the same way that the addition half chart is done.
Point out that the blue strip across the top is no longer there. The multiplier and multiplicand are both going to be along the side. Pick out an equation from the bag/box.
Let's take 5 x 3 =
Write down the equation.
Place your one finger on the 5 and your left finger on the 3. Slide your right finger down to the end of the row. Then move your right finger down and across and your left finger across and up until they meet. The product is 15. Record the answer.
Continue on and let your child do as many equations as they wish to.
Blank Chart
After plenty of work with the above, and with the addition charts (which the child has most probably completed the majority of at this point), you can begin work with the blank multiplication chart. This chart is essentially the same as the addition chart and works in the same way.
What you need:
- blank chart
- equations
- product tiles
- paper and pencil
- summary chart
Presentation 1:
Lay out the product tiles on the workspace.
Choose an equation from the bag/box. Write it down on the paper/notebook. Let's take 5 x 4 =
Find the product for the equation, which is 20. To find its place on the board, put one finger on the 5 on the top of the board and your left finger on the 4, on the side of the board. Slide your fingers down and across until they meet. Place your product tile in that square.
Write down the answer in the notebook. Continue on with more equations until the chart is filled. This may not always be complete in one sitting so chose a work area where you can leave the work and come back to it after a break or the next day.
Use the control chart and the full chart to check answers and placement of tiles.
Presentation 2:
Choose a random product tile. For example, 25. Write down 25 = in your notebook.
Let your child think of a combination that will make up 25. 5 x 5 makes 25...
Find the intersection of 5 x 5 on the chart and place the product tile in that spot.
Record the equation and continue on in the same way.
Use the full chart as a control chart to check placement of tiles.
Presentation 3:
In this presentation, arrange the product tiles in a stack with the same numbers in one stack.
Let your child chose a stack. Let's take 16. Now they must think of all the combination of factors that make up 16.
8 x 2 = 16.
Now find the intersection of 8 and 2 on the chart and place the tile in that square.
Record the equation on paper.
Find the next combination of factors for 16 until you no longer have anymore tiles for 16.
Continue on in the same way with another stack.
Subtraction -
Bead Bars
Subtraction with the Bead Bars
This lesson is the first in the subtraction memory work sequence. While your child has probably already done subtraction work with the golden beads, this sequence takes them through the memorization of subtraction facts.
For this lesson, you'll need the colored bead stair from 1-9, the bridge from the addition snake game. and some subtraction equations. You can print, cut, and use the ones in the printables section above.
Let's start.
Set up the bead stair at the top of your mat.
Take out your equation. For this presentation, we'll use 8 - 5 =
"Today, I'm going to show you how to do subtraction with these bead bars."
Take the eight bar and place it in front of you.
Now use the bridge and count back five, starting from the right side of the bar.
"One, two, three, four, five ..." place your bridge in between the beads.
"Let's see how much we have left over." Count the left over beads. Find the corresponding bar to match the amount left over.
"8 minus 5 is equal to 3!"
It's that simple.
Keep on exploring with different problems as long as there is interest. And then you can introduce the subtraction snake game.
Snake Game
Subtraction Snake Game
Subtraction Snake Game Verification
Strip Board
Subtraction Strip Board: Going Fishing
For this lesson, you need the subtraction strip board and the red and blue strips, which are the same as the ones from the addition strip board lesson. You will also need the bag of equations which you can find in the "Printable Materials" section above.
If you bought a subtraction strip board from a different manufacturer, they will come with long blank strips. If you purchased a Mathessori kit, they did not come with the long strips. The purpose of the strips is to cover up the numbers that are not being used, but this can be easily accomplished with a piece of paper or anything else. I find them cumbersome to set up and finicky to use with young children. For example, if you are doing 15-4, you would cover all the numbers after 15 to show that you are not using them.
Let's start the presentation.
"Today, I'd like to show you the subtraction strip board. It kind of looks like the addition strip board, doesn't it."
You can compare the two side by side. The addition strip board starts with 10 red numbers with a red line after 10. The subtraction strip board starts with 9 blue numbers with a blue line after 9. There's a green border on the subtraction strip board and a red border on the addition strip board.
"On the addition strip board, we did addition. On this one, we will do subtraction, just like we did with the golden beads and the stamp game. Do you remember that? First we're going to set up our strips. Blue strips on the side of the blue numbers and red strips on the side of the red numbers."
Take out an equation from the equation bag.
"We have 15-4! So we have 15, and we need to take away 4. So we're going to cover all the numbers after 15"
Take a sheet of paper and cover the numbers after 15.
"No we're going to take away 4."
Take the blue strip that says 4 on it and put it on the boxes right below the number. Point to the number that is left over.
"We have 11 left over. 15-4 is 11."
Continue with more equation tiles at random. The child can do this again on their own at random. Repetition is. definitely desired!
Presentation 2
Subtraction Finger Charts
Full Chart
What you need:
- full subtraction chart
- equations
- summary chart
- paper and pencil
You will start the lesson by introducing the chart.
"This is the subtraction chart. Let's figure out how it works, shall we?"
Ask your child to fish out an equation from the bag and write it down in their paper/notebook.
Let's take 16 - 8 =.
Place your index finger of your right hand on the 16 along the top of the chart and then place the index finger of your left hand on the blue 8 along the the left side of the chart. Slide your finger down and across until the fingers meet. That is your answer (the difference).
Record the difference on your paper.
Let your child work with this board as much as they want.
Blank Chart
The subtraction blank chart is done in the same as the addition and multiplication blank charts. You will only introduce this chart once the child has had plenty of practice with subtraction facts and can begin working abstractly with the facts.
What you need:
- blank subtraction chart
- equations
- difference tiles
- paper and pencil
Because there is only two charts for subtraction versus the three to four charts for addition and multiplication, there are a few extra presentations with this chart.
Presentation 1:
For the first presentation, take out all the difference tiles and lay them out neatly.
"We will fill up this blank chart today. Let's choose an equation."
Select an equation from the bag of box of equations. Let's take 15 - 5 =. Write it down on the paper.
Let them think for a second, what is the answer for 15 - 5? Ah, it's 10!
Use your fingers the same way you did with the blank chart (placing your right index finger on the 15 at the top and the left index finger on the 5 along the left side and sliding down and across.). Once you've reached the square, take a tile that says 10 and place it in that spot.
Check the control chart and then write it down on the paper.
Continue with the other equations, until the chart is filled. This could take some time and it isn't required that the child finish the entire chart in one sitting. Be prepared for them to leave the work and come back later or the next day, but not more than that.
They can use the control charts to check the answers and the full finger chart to check the position of the difference tiles.
Presentation 2:
For this presentation, you don't need the equations anymore! Now we are getting more abstract.
take a random tile. Write down 8 =
Thin of what minus what will give you five... Let's go for 11 - 3. Write down the equation on the paper. Place the tile of 8 on the chart.
Choose another stamp and continue on in the same way, using the chart to check for the answers and the full finger chart to check the position of the tiles.
Presentation 3:
Stack up all the tiles of the same number and then place them in order from 1-9. Notice how there is exactly 9 of each number.
Choose one stack of numbers. Let's take 8, for example.
"Let's think of all the different ways we can subtract to get 8. I'll go first... 10 - 2 = 8."
Record this on paper.
Find the combination on the chart and place the tile on the chart. Continue to find all the combinations that subtract to make 8 and notice the pattern that arises!
Continue on with another stack.
Division ÷
Division Bead Board
Division must be mastered with the golden beads before introducing this lesson but it can be done alongside work with the stamp game.
"Ooo! I'd like to show you this new material today... It's called a division board."
Take a page from the division booklet to work on, start with a small number, for example, the division of two or three.
Choose your problem.
"18 divided by 2.... Hmm, that means I have 18 things and I have to distribute them fairly with two people! Let me get my 18 things. Let's pretend they're strawberries."
Take 18 beads/push pins out into the cup.
"I'm going to put my people here."
Put two skittles on the top of the board, in the circles underneath one and two.
"Now I have to give each person one at a time to make sure they both get the same amount of strawberries."
Start distributing until you run out of beads/pins.
"Let's see how many strawberries each person got!"
Point to the numbers on the left hand side... note that each person got nine "cupcakes".
"Each person got nine strawberries! So 18 divided by 2 equals nine. Let's write that down."
Record the answer on the booklet.
Continue on to the next problem.
The child will eventually start to see a pattern as they work through all the booklets. The first answers will always start with 9 and end with 1, which is why we use graph paper to write down random equations from a set so they aren't just plugging in answers because they have recognized the pattern.
So once the child has practiced the booklets with ordered equations, use the graph paper to write random equations from one set, for example, 12 ÷ 2, 4 ÷ 2... all sets of 2, but in random order.
After that, you can write down random problems across multiple sets. The goal of this material is to memorize the facts!
Division Full Chart
Division is one of the last operations to be mastered by the child. It's pretty normal for this work to go on until the child is 7 or 8, or even later. Working with the charts can happen after a good amount of work with stamp game division and the division bead board.
What you'll need:
- full division chart
- equations
- control chart
- paper and pencil
Fish out an equation from the bag of equations and record it on paper.
Place your right index finger on the dividend and your left finger on the divisor on the side of the board. Slide the fingers down and across until they meet. That is your answer.
Record the answer
Continue on with as many equations as the child wants. Practice with this chart as often as the child wants. There should be a level of mastery with this chart before the child can move on to the next chart, which will prove to be a bit more challenging than this one.
Division Blank Chart
Presentation 1:
Choose an equation from the bag of equations. Write it down on your paper. Let your child figure out what the quotient will be.
Find the tile for the quotient.
Place it on the board.
Continue on with more equations and fill the chart.
Presentation 2:
Select a random tile.
Decide which equation will give you that quotient.
Find the square on the chart for the equation and place the quotient tile in the right spot.
Continue on until all the tiles are finished and the chart is filled.
Use the full chart as a control chart.
Presentation 3:
Arrange the stamps in stacks, just like we did for subtraction, which like stamps together.
Choose a stack and find all the equations for that quotient.
Place the quotient on the right place on the chart and record the equation and quotient.
Continue on in the same with the rest of the tiles.
Materials List
- Decanomial bead bars
- Memory work charts
- Addition and subtraction strip boards with strips
- Graph paper
- Multiplication board
- Division board